Anatomia de uma figura #

Esta figura mostra o nome de vários elementos matplotlib que compõem uma figura

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import Circle
from matplotlib.patheffects import withStroke
from matplotlib.ticker import AutoMinorLocator, MultipleLocator

royal_blue = [0, 20/256, 82/256]


# make the figure

np.random.seed(19680801)

X = np.linspace(0.5, 3.5, 100)
Y1 = 3+np.cos(X)
Y2 = 1+np.cos(1+X/0.75)/2
Y3 = np.random.uniform(Y1, Y2, len(X))

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7.5, 7.5))
ax = fig.add_axes([0.2, 0.17, 0.68, 0.7], aspect=1)

ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(1.000))
ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator(4))
ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(1.000))
ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator(4))
ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter("{x:.2f}")

ax.set_xlim(0, 4)
ax.set_ylim(0, 4)

ax.tick_params(which='major', width=1.0, length=10, labelsize=14)
ax.tick_params(which='minor', width=1.0, length=5, labelsize=10,
               labelcolor='0.25')

ax.grid(linestyle="--", linewidth=0.5, color='.25', zorder=-10)

ax.plot(X, Y1, c='C0', lw=2.5, label="Blue signal", zorder=10)
ax.plot(X, Y2, c='C1', lw=2.5, label="Orange signal")
ax.plot(X[::3], Y3[::3], linewidth=0, markersize=9,
        marker='s', markerfacecolor='none', markeredgecolor='C4',
        markeredgewidth=2.5)

ax.set_title("Anatomy of a figure", fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom')
ax.set_xlabel("x Axis label", fontsize=14)
ax.set_ylabel("y Axis label", fontsize=14)
ax.legend(loc="upper right", fontsize=14)


# Annotate the figure

def annotate(x, y, text, code):
    # Circle marker
    c = Circle((x, y), radius=0.15, clip_on=False, zorder=10, linewidth=2.5,
               edgecolor=royal_blue + [0.6], facecolor='none',
               path_effects=[withStroke(linewidth=7, foreground='white')])
    ax.add_artist(c)

    # use path_effects as a background for the texts
    # draw the path_effects and the colored text separately so that the
    # path_effects cannot clip other texts
    for path_effects in [[withStroke(linewidth=7, foreground='white')], []]:
        color = 'white' if path_effects else royal_blue
        ax.text(x, y-0.2, text, zorder=100,
                ha='center', va='top', weight='bold', color=color,
                style='italic', fontfamily='Courier New',
                path_effects=path_effects)

        color = 'white' if path_effects else 'black'
        ax.text(x, y-0.33, code, zorder=100,
                ha='center', va='top', weight='normal', color=color,
                fontfamily='monospace', fontsize='medium',
                path_effects=path_effects)


annotate(3.5, -0.13, "Minor tick label", "ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter")
annotate(-0.03, 1.0, "Major tick", "ax.yaxis.set_major_locator")
annotate(0.00, 3.75, "Minor tick", "ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator")
annotate(-0.15, 3.00, "Major tick label", "ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter")
annotate(1.68, -0.39, "xlabel", "ax.set_xlabel")
annotate(-0.38, 1.67, "ylabel", "ax.set_ylabel")
annotate(1.52, 4.15, "Title", "ax.set_title")
annotate(1.75, 2.80, "Line", "ax.plot")
annotate(2.25, 1.54, "Markers", "ax.scatter")
annotate(3.00, 3.00, "Grid", "ax.grid")
annotate(3.60, 3.58, "Legend", "ax.legend")
annotate(2.5, 0.55, "Axes", "fig.subplots")
annotate(4, 4.5, "Figure", "plt.figure")
annotate(0.65, 0.01, "x Axis", "ax.xaxis")
annotate(0, 0.36, "y Axis", "ax.yaxis")
annotate(4.0, 0.7, "Spine", "ax.spines")

# frame around figure
fig.patch.set(linewidth=4, edgecolor='0.5')
plt.show()

Referências

O uso das seguintes funções, métodos, classes e módulos é mostrado neste exemplo:

Tempo total de execução do script: ( 0 minutos 2,245 segundos)

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