Figura subfiguras

Às vezes é desejável ter uma figura com dois layouts diferentes. Isso pode ser alcançado com gridspecs aninhados , mas ter uma figura virtual com seus próprios artistas é útil, então Matplotlib também tem "subfiguras", acessadas chamando matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subfigurede uma forma análoga a matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subplot, ou matplotlib.figure.Figure.subfigurespara criar uma matriz de subfiguras. Observe que as subfiguras também podem ter suas próprias subfiguras filhas.

Observação

subfigureé novo na v3.4 e a API ainda é provisória.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np


def example_plot(ax, fontsize=12, hide_labels=False):
    pc = ax.pcolormesh(np.random.randn(30, 30), vmin=-2.5, vmax=2.5)
    if not hide_labels:
        ax.set_xlabel('x-label', fontsize=fontsize)
        ax.set_ylabel('y-label', fontsize=fontsize)
        ax.set_title('Title', fontsize=fontsize)
    return pc

np.random.seed(19680808)
# gridspec inside gridspec
fig = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True, figsize=(10, 4))
subfigs = fig.subfigures(1, 2, wspace=0.07)

axsLeft = subfigs[0].subplots(1, 2, sharey=True)
subfigs[0].set_facecolor('0.75')
for ax in axsLeft:
    pc = example_plot(ax)
subfigs[0].suptitle('Left plots', fontsize='x-large')
subfigs[0].colorbar(pc, shrink=0.6, ax=axsLeft, location='bottom')

axsRight = subfigs[1].subplots(3, 1, sharex=True)
for nn, ax in enumerate(axsRight):
    pc = example_plot(ax, hide_labels=True)
    if nn == 2:
        ax.set_xlabel('xlabel')
    if nn == 1:
        ax.set_ylabel('ylabel')

subfigs[1].set_facecolor('0.85')
subfigs[1].colorbar(pc, shrink=0.6, ax=axsRight)
subfigs[1].suptitle('Right plots', fontsize='x-large')

fig.suptitle('Figure suptitle', fontsize='xx-large')

plt.show()

É possível misturar subtramas e subfiguras usando matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subfigure. Isso requer obter o gridspec no qual os subplots são dispostos.

fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 3, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(10, 4))
gridspec = axs[0, 0].get_subplotspec().get_gridspec()

# clear the left column for the subfigure:
for a in axs[:, 0]:
    a.remove()

# plot data in remaining axes:
for a in axs[:, 1:].flat:
    a.plot(np.arange(10))

# make the subfigure in the empty gridspec slots:
subfig = fig.add_subfigure(gridspec[:, 0])

axsLeft = subfig.subplots(1, 2, sharey=True)
subfig.set_facecolor('0.75')
for ax in axsLeft:
    pc = example_plot(ax)
subfig.suptitle('Left plots', fontsize='x-large')
subfig.colorbar(pc, shrink=0.6, ax=axsLeft, location='bottom')

fig.suptitle('Figure suptitle', fontsize='xx-large')
plt.show()

As subfiguras podem ter diferentes larguras e alturas. Este é exatamente o mesmo exemplo do primeiro exemplo, mas width_ratios foi alterado:

fig = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True, figsize=(10, 4))
subfigs = fig.subfigures(1, 2, wspace=0.07, width_ratios=[2, 1])

axsLeft = subfigs[0].subplots(1, 2, sharey=True)
subfigs[0].set_facecolor('0.75')
for ax in axsLeft:
    pc = example_plot(ax)
subfigs[0].suptitle('Left plots', fontsize='x-large')
subfigs[0].colorbar(pc, shrink=0.6, ax=axsLeft, location='bottom')

axsRight = subfigs[1].subplots(3, 1, sharex=True)
for nn, ax in enumerate(axsRight):
    pc = example_plot(ax, hide_labels=True)
    if nn == 2:
        ax.set_xlabel('xlabel')
    if nn == 1:
        ax.set_ylabel('ylabel')

subfigs[1].set_facecolor('0.85')
subfigs[1].colorbar(pc, shrink=0.6, ax=axsRight)
subfigs[1].suptitle('Right plots', fontsize='x-large')

fig.suptitle('Figure suptitle', fontsize='xx-large')

plt.show()

As subfiguras também podem ser aninhadas:

fig = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True, figsize=(10, 8))

fig.suptitle('fig')

subfigs = fig.subfigures(1, 2, wspace=0.07)

subfigs[0].set_facecolor('coral')
subfigs[0].suptitle('subfigs[0]')

subfigs[1].set_facecolor('coral')
subfigs[1].suptitle('subfigs[1]')

subfigsnest = subfigs[0].subfigures(2, 1, height_ratios=[1, 1.4])
subfigsnest[0].suptitle('subfigsnest[0]')
subfigsnest[0].set_facecolor('r')
axsnest0 = subfigsnest[0].subplots(1, 2, sharey=True)
for nn, ax in enumerate(axsnest0):
    pc = example_plot(ax, hide_labels=True)
subfigsnest[0].colorbar(pc, ax=axsnest0)

subfigsnest[1].suptitle('subfigsnest[1]')
subfigsnest[1].set_facecolor('g')
axsnest1 = subfigsnest[1].subplots(3, 1, sharex=True)

axsRight = subfigs[1].subplots(2, 2)

plt.show()